The French And Indian War - 938 Words

The French and Indian War was a long and bloody war fought by both colonial and British soldiers. By the end of the war, both Britain and the colonies were changed, and so their relationships were changed as well - mostly in negative ways. After the war, political, ideological and economic relations between the colonies and Britain would never be the same. Many colonists realizing their lack of representation in Parliament, which created political tension; British taxation of the colonies created economic tension; and citizens anger against both their lack of representation and the new taxes inspired feelings of rebellion, creating ideological tension. During the years leading up to the French and Indian War, tensions were growing between colonists and Native Americans. The French, who had been fighting with Britain already, began pushing some Native Americans to side with them against the Britain and the colonists so that they could bring the fight to North America, which they did i n 1754. The war ended in 1763 with the defeat of the French and the deep war debt of the British. Britain s sudden exertion of control via taxation negatively affected economic relations between the colonies and Britain when colonists began boycotting British goods in rebellion. The French and Indian War was lengthy and expensive, so by the time it was over, the British were deep in debt. In order to pay off these debts, they began introducing new taxes to their citizens, including thoseShow MoreRelatedThe French And Indian War1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe French and India war was a war that took place in today’s Pittsburgh. The war was both caused by the English and French. The English and the French both felt that they were entitled to land and each was to willing to fight and they were also, willing to go into war so they could prove that they owned the land. (odellreads.com) The French and India war started out as a dispute over land in the Ohio River Valley area, both the French and English settlers moved towards colonization of that areaRead MoreThe French And Indian War1195 Words   |  5 PagesSince the beginning of history, wars have been fought to gain territories, independence, or to fight against those who take away one’s rights. The French and Indian War was fought in North America over the Ohio Valley, however, it is much more than just a war to gain territory. This war opened doors to the colonists who decided that fighting for independence was something they were in need of doing. The French and Indian War was the portion of the Seven Year’s War that was fought in North AmericaRead MoreThe French And Indian War967 Words   |  4 Pages 2014 During the French and Indian War of 1754-1763, the French and the British were competing for land throughout the Ohio Valley, the Mississippi River, and the St. Lawrence River and for trading rights in North America. Both nations saw this territory as a necessity to increase its own power and wealth while simultaneously limiting the strength of its rival. Although, after the French and Indian War the British gained all of the French land in North America. Following the war the British governmentRead MoreThe French And Indian War877 Words   |  4 Pageshistory; wars, such as the French and Indian war altered the perception of the American people. These events and people were some of the many that facilitated the colonists’ defiance against the British. Altercations they encountered turned the people of the newly formed Americas against the British aiding in their quest for independence. During the time of 1763-1775, one of the occurrences that happened to affect the colonists’ perception of the British was the French and Indian War. The war itselfRead MoreThe French And Indian War895 Words   |  4 PagesMany wars were fought between the English and the French. The French and Indian War was an important factor in the writing of the Declaration of Independence. The war was very costly for the British. After the war ended the British thought of ways to gain money from the colonists to help replenish funds lost from the war. This usually was in the form of taxes. The colonists were not happy with the British government and made their feelings and opinions known. The colonists wanted their freedom andRead MoreThe French And Indian War1556 Words   |  7 Pages The French and Indian War/Seven Years War began in response to the British unapologetically impinging on the French and the Indian territory. After the seven years of war, the French and British negotiated the Treaty of Paris. The Treaty of Paris effectively ended the French and Indian War/the Seven Years War. It was put into practice in 1763. The immediate results included the French loss of all territory in the Americas except some islands in the Gulf, the Spanish receiving all land west of theRead MoreThe French And Indian War1731 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Revolution was fought from 1775-1783, the war happened because of the tension that was building between Great Britain and their thirteen colonies. From 1607 to 1763, Britain gave the thirteen colonies benign and salutary neglect. Even though the colonists lived under the Mercantilist doctrine, they were still allowed to prosper while under Great Britain’s authority. The French and Indian war changed their relationshi p.Great Britain going to war with France caused them to accumulate a lot ofRead MoreThe French And Indian War1337 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen many wars, some wars were fought for world domination and others were fought for independence. One war that fought for independence was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was fought between the colonists and the English with the French aiding the colonists. There are many causes for the American Revolution some of the causes are the French and Indian War, The Sugar and Stamp Act, The Boston Massacre, The Boston Tea Party, and the Intolerable Acts. The French and Indian War, also calledRead MoreThe French And Indian War1310 Words   |  6 Pagescommencement of the revolution. The discussion below critically exploits and explores various reasons that led to the start of the revolution. The French and Indian War The wars which happened between 1754 and 1763 had a high impact on the colonies that were initially proud to be part and parcel of Great Britain. However, as it was noted later after the war, most colonists got increasingly bothered by various Acts passed by the Britain Parliament such as the Currency Acts that were made between 1751Read MoreThe French And Indian War1183 Words   |  5 Pages1773 Britain defeated France in the French and Indian war.The colonists had secretly been bringing in tea into the area from dutch, the tea was cheaper and not taxed, this helped many families in America. It caused parliament to be short of money. In effort to replenish. Victory in the french and indian war was costly for the british. At war’s conclusion in 1763, king George 111 and his government looked to taxing the American colonies as a way of recouping their war cost, they thought that people want

The Death Of The Vietnam War - 1023 Words

â€Å"And you run and you run to catch up with the sun but it s sinking. Racing around to come up behind you again. The sun is the same in a relative way, but you re older. Shorter of breath and one day closer to death† (Pink)The third lyrics relates to how time catches up without the realization. As the Americans came to war and saw the horror of the battlefield, it was no surprise that they felt it could be their last battle. â€Å"It is estimated that 350 Vietnam Veterans dies by suicide while in Vietnam. After Vietnam, estimates have a range as high as 70,000 Vietnam Veterans who have committed suicide.† (Lee 713). As a soldier would see one of their allies, their friends, and their family being killed in front of their eyes all their hope†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Home, home again. I like to be here when I can. When I come home cold and tired. It s good to warm my bones beside the fire. Far away, across the field. The tolling of the iron bell. Calls the faithful to their knees. To hear the softly spoken magic spell.† (Pink) The mention of home in this song does not relate to where you live however the place that you must accept. After the months or years a soldier fought in the war instead of being fearful of death, they welcomed it. â€Å"Indeed, Vietnam, where 648,500 draftees were sent to fight and 17,725 died in combat, exposed the pitfalls of fighting an unpopular war with conscripted soldiers. There also was growing concern about the fairness of a system that resulted in a disproportionate number of poor Americans being drafted.For instance, in 1970 the Army alone had more than 65,000 deserters, just one sign of a military reaching the breaking point.† (Lee 714). By accepting their faith, many of the soldiers never returned home and those who did were traumatized by the war that it lead their lives were led to drugs and unhappiness. In every aspect the Vietnam Veterans were the â€Å"loser†. They were reg arded as loser because no one supported them, were not classify as heroes, not welcome back, turn to a life of drugs, and experience PTSD. With none of the soldiers wanting to fight, there was nothing that would give them the encouragement to continue. Once listening to the song Time byShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The Vietnam War Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesneighboring countries, like a falling domino that causes an entire row to fall down. Although the Vietnam War is seen by many as the only option to try to end the spread of communism, the specious outcome of the war was not effective enough to justify the amount of unethical decisions and situations that were allowed to take place. In 1961, under President Kennedy, 100 Special Forces troops were sent to South Vietnam and by 1963, just two years later, U.S military advisors and Special Forces had increasedRead MoreThe Death Of The Vietnam War2139 Words   |  9 Pages My grandfather had fought and piloted many planes in the Vietnam War. The war had started in the year of 1955 and my grandfather was only only 16 years old, a sophomore in high school. He had been going with my grandmother Kaye Ivrene, which they met in high school and dated till they married when they both turned 18. Before my grandparents even ended up getting married my grandfather had signed up to fight in the Vietnam War. They didn’t honestly expect to even get married until they realizedRead MoreThe Things They Carried By O Brien934 Words   |  4 Pagesthinks the death of his comrade, Ted Lavender is his fault. Jimmy Cross is only 22 years-olds, too young to take on the responsibilities of being First Lieutenant at war. Jimmy Cross’s Fascination with Martha reading and daydreaming about her letters and photos. Jimmy Cross is the way his mind could escape from the ugliness of the wars. In The Vietnam War, being a strong leader over the unit is impossible if the war’s mission is undefined. Death is a part of fighting in The Vietnam War. Ted Lavender’sRead MoreSafety During The Vietnam War1645 Words   |  7 PagesSafety During Battle: Vietnam War Andy Nguyen Junior Division Individual Paper Fire, ash, cinders, and smoke. A loud noise comes from overhead. People are screaming and running in terror. A bomb has went off. This sequence of events happened multiple times during the Vietnam War. Many soldiers died, and even more citizens died. In the past, there may have not been many laws/regulations that protect citizens to prevent casualties, but everyone learns from their past. Apparently the world hasntRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1459 Words   |  6 Pages1950’s, the Vietnam War turned to be the modern pinnacle for battles resulting in the deaths of 58,000 American soldiers and millions of Vietnamese death. It saw the viable destruction of modern technology such as the newly fashioned M-16 rifle and the Apache, a helicopter made for mass destruction. For the soldiers experiencing Vietnam, it was truly an experience which would shape their hearts and minds forever. As evidenced in Tim O’ Brien’s The Things They Carried, The Viet nam War was an emotionalRead MoreVietnam War Turning Point Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesHome The Vietnam War was a long and bloody war between a communist government against South Vietnam along with its ally, the U.S. After long years of fighting and many deaths, the war ended on April 30, 1975 after President Nixon and the communist government negotiated secretly about a compromise. The paris peace accord solved a long-lasting issue, that was the vietnam war. The Paris Peace Accords was a major turning point in the Vietnam War because it ended the Vietnam War, brought peace to theRead MoreWhat ´s Dark Tourism?1253 Words   |  5 Pagestourists go to places that are related with death and tragedy. Death and tragedy are usually associated with darkness. For this reason, many authors prefer using the word thanatourism, because this term is a neutral term without any emotional meanings. More recently it was suggested that tourists also need reasons to visit a destination of dark tourism. The main signs of dark locations is their historical value rather than their associatio ns with death and suffering. In a certain sense, dark tourismRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien899 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Vietnam War, a range of emotions occurred within every soldier. Even though some veterans can move past their memories of war, many soldiers became haunted by their dark memories. In Tim O’Brien’s fictional novel The Things They Carried, O’Brien takes his readers through several different events and emotions that occurs to his character during the Vietnam War. Although his character sometimes faces a tough time telling the story, O’Brien manages to inform his readers of the differentRead MoreU.s. Soldiers During The Vietnam War1472 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. Soldiers in the Vietnam War To this day, many Vietnam veterans suffer and feel forgotten, unappreciated, and even discriminated against. Combat experiences or physical disabilities have ruined some of their lives. For more, returning to normal life had not been easy. Imagine if you had just graduated out of high school and were sent to a guerrilla warfare far away from your home. During the war, you were exposed to a lot of stress, confusion, anxiety, pain, and hatred. Then you were sentRead MoreEssay on Shattered Youth: How the Vietnam War Changed a Generation1591 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War is a conflict that was extremely polarizing to people in the United States and words such as ‘wasted’ or ‘quagmire’ are negative words associated with the war. In his book A Rumor of War, Philip Caputo provides a personal account of events that he experienced leading up to and during the war as a soldier in the United States Marine Corps. Caputo’s experiences transform his id ealistic views of war when he is faced with the realities of combat, and ultimately the events cause him to

Bell v. Florida Free Essays

The defendant, Mr. Gary Paul Bell, was charged and convicted with the crime of attempted kidnapping. At the trial, his victim, through her testimonies, claimed that the defendant exhibited attempted kidnapping in two counts to wit: (1) When the victim was walking along the street during daytime, the defendant drove up to her and offered to give her a ride to her destination, twice; (2) When the defendant forced the victim to get into the van by grabbing her around the neck and holding a gun to her head[1]. We will write a custom essay sample on Bell v. Florida or any similar topic only for you Order Now The victim, who was able to break free from Mr. Bell, ran into traffic and tried to get the help of others in escaping the defendant. The defendant, on the other hand, remained standing nearby with his gun pointing towards his victim, threatening to shoot her. When the victim reached her house she called the police. The officer attending the case noted that the victim was in state of hysteria. The victim was found very upset and could not speak. Likewise, it was also noted that the victim was only made to give a statement after a series of attempts of making her relay the incident, which lasted for fifteen to twenty minutes[2]. The testimonies given by the victim and the attending officer were admitted in the court as evidence on the basis of hearsay rules and exceptions. The defendant, appeals on the court’s decision on his conviction on the basis of contrive or misrepresentation and that the testimony of the attending officer on the accounts of the crime of the victim should be excluded as hearsay. Issue: Â  The issue is whether the testimony given by the attending officer regarding the accounts of the victim on the crime of attempted kidnapping should be excluded as hearsay. [1]Cases Relating to Chapter 12, 747. How to cite Bell v. Florida, Papers

Edward Deming free essay sample

Edward Deming Dr. Edward Deming is known for his management strategies and how to improve worker productivity through effective management. Deming’s main point is that most problems are systematic and that its managements responsibility to improve the systems so that workers can do their jobs more effectively. Deming thought a lot differently from other working people of his time. Other managers and lead executives main goals were to force workers to have grueling hours of labor with no regard to health and safety standards.Workers often were frustrated with the lack of respect received in their place of work and would show up in some of the final products they worked on. Deming realized that giving people better situations to work in as well as having more quality final products will lead to greater successes in the workplace. Essentially, his theory states that that improvement in quality lead to lower costs and higher productivity because they result in less rework, fewer mistakes, fewer delays, and better use of time and materials. We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Deming or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Japan was one of the first countries to adapt this way of business after WWII which it is known for today producing new innovative technology. Deming is also responsible for the TQM, which stands for total quality management. Deming’s total quality management is summed up in his 14 points of management which summarize the key goals in effective management and motivating employees to produce quality products. When a company increases its TQM it commits to creating a product that exceeds the customers expectations and that is made with such quality that customers insist on buying your product.We can see an example of this with the Ford Motor Company in the 1980s. At the time Ford was producing cars with transmissions made in both the US and Japan. Consumers kept asking for the Japanese transmission models that left Ford engineers baffled as to why. The Japanese companies were strictly following a Deming ideal in total quality management that was producing a better transmission for identical vehicles using identical parts. This was revolutionary in changing standard operating procedures as well, not only is following the directions of a standard operating procedure sufficient but now you must try to master your raft of production to create a superior quality of a product. We can see this throughout business even today and from the example before in many different industries, one product may be made with the exact same materials and using the same technique but the one that is made with higher quality will always be the one with a higher demand among the customers. Another main point that I think that is used widespread in today’s job marketplace is drive out fear or in other words make employees feel secure enough to express ideas and ask questions.In today’s marketplace the employees that work together need to express their ideas, concerns, and questions because the more ideas that are circulating around a company from different people brings about more diverse thoughts about improving life in the workplace and the products that are made. The actual producers of the product of a company may not be managers of CEOs but have more hands on experience with the product and could have valuable ideas on improvements or innovations to the product as well as ways to produce it more efficiently.Deming was a great thinker of his time and really set the tone for the way businesses and management operate today and will continue to operate in his theory in the future. His principals of management and total quality management ideals transformed companies around the world for the better as the companies went to heights they have never seen before. He realized that giving workers better working conditions and involving them more in the ideas that circulate around the business will benefit both the workers and the overall state of the company. These ideals are being used and innovated today to create better companies globally.

Marketing Communication Plan for Pebble Beach, UK

Table of Contents Pebble Beach Performances Trends Marketing Performance Marketplace and Competition SWOT Analysis PEST Analysis Reference List The situation analysis for Pebble Beach, UK, includes such areas for the analysis as the company’s performance with the focus on sales, market share, and profitability; marketing trends; marketing performance; marketplace and competition; SWOT analysis; and PEST analysis.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Communication Plan for Pebble Beach, UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pebble Beach Performances Pebble Beach’s sales depend on the season. During the spring-summer period, the sales of the deluxe rooms and the penthouse suite are the highest ones, as well as the attendance of Pebble Beach restaurant. Pebble Beach’s market share in 1.8% is comparably low, and it is affected by the active development of luxury inns located at the beach (Pebble Beach 2011). Pebble Beach’s profitability is rather high for the market sector. The financial success depends on stating prices for the rooms which range from  £70 to  £350, for lunches, and for the diners in restaurants. During 2012-2013, the profits increased in 18% (Pebble Beach 2011). Trends Pebble Beach develops according to such trends in the market as the increase of the popularity of provincial restaurants, hotels, and resort complexes in 14% in 2010, and the overall decrease in the revenues of the provincial hotel industry in 6% in 2011 (How profitable is your hotel? 2012; Pebble Beach 2011). Marketing Performance Pebble Beach’s marketing strategy depends on providing the high-quality accommodation and dining services. Pebble Beach attracts the customers while proposing the services like resorts’ ones, luxury bedrooms, high-quality standard restaurant services, lounge and bar services. The complex works to promote the brand image in the sphe re of provincial hotel and restaurant industry as the sector of the resort industry (Pebble Beach 2014).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketplace and Competition Being opened in 2003, Pebble Beach takes the firm position in the hospitality industry and market based on reputation and brand recognition. The main competitors of Pebble Beach restaurant and accommodation are divided into such sectors as the market’s leaders and representatives of the provincial hotel market (Walsh 2011). The Royal Hotel located in Bath, UK, is one of market’s leaders with a century-long history. Bournemouth hotels such as Amarillo Hotel and Ashleigh Hotel are the competitors in the provincial seaside hotel sector (Pebble Beach 2014). SWOT Analysis Pebble Beach’s strengths are high-quality restaurant services, unique menu, effective modernisation of the old-fashioned seasi de, the focus on provision of luxury services, complimentary parking (Pebble Beach Hotels 2014). Weaknesses of Pebble Beach are in supporting the ineffective differentiation strategy. Opportunities are in proposing more rest activities and expanding the restaurant and accommodation areas. Threats are in the active development of the provincial seaside hotel market and high entry of rivalries. PEST Analysis Political factors – the industry is mostly privately owned, and the government’s impact is associated with promoting the food and services policies and the customer rights protection policies (Armstrong 2006, p. 26). Pebble Beach’s progress depends on the aspects of the UK environmental and labour laws.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Communication Plan for Pebble Beach, UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic factors – the economic success and profits related to Peb ble Beach directly depend on the changes in the country’s economic environment. The current economic situation with the tendencies in increasing the rate of resorts’ popularity influences the performance of Pebble Beach positively. Social factors – Pebble Beach is affected by the changes in the labour environment because today the focus on young competent and talented employees is observed. The hospitality industry provides many opportunities to hire young males and females to provide the services in Pebble Beach. Technological factors – the progress of Pebble Beach depends on improving the approaches to providing services and organising the work of the restaurant. As a result, Pebble Beach’s managers pay much attention to innovative technologies in the restaurant industry. Reference List Armstrong, M. 2006, A handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, Kogan Page, London. How profitable is your hotel? 2012. Web. Pebble Beach 2011. Web. Pebble Beach, 2014. Web.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pebble Beach Hotels, 2014. Web. Walsh, J. 2011, Pebble Beach, Marine Drive, Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire. Web. This report on Marketing Communication Plan for Pebble Beach, UK was written and submitted by user Colin Taylor to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Childrens Literature Test 2 Essay Example

Childrens Literature Test 2 Essay Example Childrens Literature Test 2 Paper Childrens Literature Test 2 Paper Essay Topic: Literature What distinguishes picture books from other types of books? The pictures tell just as much story as the words do. Role of illustrations in childrens literature stimulate sensitivity to art and beauty join the text in telling the story rather than the text standing alone What are the criteria for evaluating picture books? text and illustrations should complement each other; should be brief and straight forward; contain few concepts and none beyond comprehension; written in direct and simple style and have illustrations that complement the text Mother Goose serves as an excellent introduction to verse for very young children because They stimulate language development as well as auditory discrimination and listening skills; rhythm, rhyme, repetition of sounds, humor, exaggeration; teach lessons and morals Like Mother Goose rhymes, which were among the first books published for children? Not sure yet- maybe toy books, or concept books In alphabet books specifically designed to teach young children the letters and their sounds, what is particularly important? Have universal terms, things that are most known by one name like apple when learning A, instead of bunny or rabbit when learning B analyzing alphabet books Objects should be easy for children to identify and should not have more than one commonly used name analyzing counting books for preschoolers used to develop one-to-one correspondence and ability to count sequentially from one through ten Concept books are excellent sources of materials for stimulating childrens faster understanding of abstract ideas; help young children learn basic concepts (colors and shapers) In which of the types of picture books do the illustrations tell the whole story? Wordless value of wordless picture books encourage children to develop observational skills, descriptive vocabularies and abilities to create stories criteria to be considered when choosing wordless picture books excellent way of developing oral and written language skills; stimulate creative thinking and enhance visual literacy abilities; allow children from different backgrounds and reading levels to enjoy the same book Considering the attention span of young children, how should plots be developed for picture Storybooks? open with leads (to grab attention), figurative language, make a long story short, repetition of sentences or phrases, understatement (allow readers to make connections instead of the author saying it straight out.) In general, why were traditional literature stories told? To help children understand the rich oral heritage handed down from cultures around the world. characteristics of traditional literature? concentrated action, stock characters, patterned language, elements of fantasy, simple themes of good vs. evil weak overcoming the strong Why are cumulative tales, which sequentially repeat actions, characters, or speeches until a climax is reached, appealing to young children? easy to remember and recite; plots are simple, predictable, and direct with lots of action. The type of folktale that explains why an animal has certain characteristics or why people have certain customs is a pourquoi (why) tale What characterizes fables? Brief tales in which personified animals characters indicate a moral lesson What characterizes myths? Considered truthful by the society in which they are told, happened in the remote past, often associated with theology and ritual Folktales provide an excellent source for making discoveries about people living in earlier times because folktales it shows the theme if universal truths that reflect the values of the times/societies values of traditional literature for children? helps children understand the personal dimension and standards of behavior of a culture and reduces stereotypes; provides children with a framework for the literature, drama, and art they will later encounter; provides entertainment and pleasure; provides strong rhythm, rhyme, and repetition of patterns. A motif in literature is any recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story The majority of French folktales portrays splendid royal castles rather than humble peasant cottages which types of folktales are dragons, tigers, and cranes recurring elements? Asian Folk tales. (respect ancestors, ethical standards, conflict between nobility and commoners, faithfulness and kindness are rewarded, dragons, tigers, cranes are recurring elements.) What distinguishes legends from myths? Legends: more secular narratives, regarded as true in the society in which they are told, embroider the historical facts of human achievement. Myths: Considered truthful by the society in which they are told, happened in the remote past, often associated with theology and ritual. willing suspension of disbelief in reading fantasy refers to It refers to the readers agreement to accept the impossible and accept the magic as real theme of modern fantasy? Themes of modern fantasy: the importance of personal and social responsibility, battle between good and evil, power of love and friendship. Which author is best known for religious allegories? CS Lewis assonance repetition of vowel sounds onomatopoeia words that sound like the sounds they make alliteration repetition of consonant sounds hyperbole Exaggeration not usually meant to be taken literally What refers to words that imitate the actions or sound with which they are associated? onomatopoeia Word division, line division, punctuation, and capitalization make up the poetic element called shape From The Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler is? E. L. Konigsburg Tuck Everlasting? Natalie Babbitt Bridge to Terabithia? Katherine Patterson What is the most likely reason that so many folktales, even folktales of different origins, have the same types of themes and recurring actions? values, morals What theme best characterizes mythical quests and conflicts? Modern Fantasy

Calculating cash flow and net present value (see paper for details) Assignment

Calculating cash flow and net present value (see paper for details) - Assignment Example From the presented case of the manufacturing organization, revenue outflows are the additional support costs of  £4K every year. Capital inflows refer to those incomes that are generated from other activities other than the normal trading of an entity. In the case of the manufacturing organization such capital inflows is the sale of machinery. On the other hand, revenue inflows are those incomes that are generated by an entity from its normal operations by selling goods or services. To establish the payback period, the cumulative cash flows was established, but from the above calculations, the manufacturing organization could not cover its initial investment costs of  £410K from the net cash flows it generates within a period of five years. It is also a discounted cash flow technique that uses the principle of NPV. It is individual investment’s rate of return when it is considered in isolation or independently of all other investments that the firm undertakes. It is that rate of return which is inherent or internal to the cash flow of a given project. It is the discounting or required rate of return that gives a zero NPV i.e. ∑PVs – I0 = 0 NPV. Internal rate of return is established through trial and error, interpolation, or extrapolation method. Through the trial and error, a rate of interest is selected at random and is used in the establishment of NPV of the cash flows. If the rate chosen gives a lower NPV than the cost, a lower rate is chosen and if the rate gives a greater NPV, a higher rate is chosen. The process continues until the final rate chosen gives a zero

Literature Review on Small-Group Learning Activities

On Small-Group Learning Activities - Literature review Example If collaborative effort is applied to any task then the productivity tends to increase (Zawojewski & Et. Al., 2003). The overall study tries to demonstrate the importance of the small group learning activities. Objective of the Study The main objective of the study has been to understand the role of the small-group learning activities. The study will be related to the United Kingdom undergraduate students in subject areas linked to health care. The study will provide certain supporting evidences in small-group learning activities for the small group to discuss and debate. A clinical based scenario will be selected upon which the overall literature review will be based. At first the literature review will try to make the reader understand as to what the term small-group learning activity denotes. It will further try to explain the clinical based evidences that can be used by the small groups of students to discuss and debate. Finally, the literature review will try to identify the imp act of such small group learning activities. ... Therefore, it is important to understand if the three terms that is collaborative learning, cooperative learning and small-group learning express the same meaning. Most of the practitioners consider all the three types of learning to have the same goals, that is, to change a passive classroom environment into active student-centered environment. However, it has been evident that most of the authors don’t view the three types of learning as synonymous. In this regards, it can be discussed that the two terms collaborative learning as well as cooperative learning can be distinguished from each other. However, both the terms seem to focus upon the notion that students need to engage themselves with the study material so that they can learn the information in a meaningful manner. These terms assist in creating the environment where the students engage themselves in the study material by partaking of their knowledge and ideas by means of providing the support, feedback along with en couragement and by teaching each other. It is to be pointed out that the term small-group learning is quite flexible as well as comprehensive. It further reveals that there might be circumstances when the members of the group don’t cooperate or it might even be the case when the members of the group simply collaborate. The type of task the group needs to accomplish determines the interaction among the group members in most of the cases. It can be demonstrated that the small-group learning has turned into current label that is given to the type of active-learning activity by putting the students into groups and they are asked to achieve the task (Kreke & Towns, 1998). Importance of Using the Small-Group

Nebraska Conflict between Native Americans and the Whites Research Paper

Nebraska Conflict between Native Americans and the Whites - Research Paper Example Present-day Nebraskans may be surprised at though of Confederate troops defending their state from Indians in the Platte Valley. Nevertheless, former Confederates helped much to defend Nebraska frontier during two crucial years of Indian War. By 1864 it became clear that Nebraska needed some kind of help on its frontier because the available manpower grew increasingly less and less adequate. In summer of that year the Arapaho, Sioux and Cheyenne tribes broke telegraph communications, closed the Overland Route, and drove the whites in horror to the Plains. Col. John M. Chivington’s desperate attack on peaceful Natives at Sand Creek, Colorado, infuriated more hostile Indian tribes. 1865 promised to bring an exodus of the whites from already colonized territories. This notwithstanding frontier defenses was enforced by the regiments of the so-called Galvanized Yankees. Officially named â€Å"United States Volunteers†, these were the regiments composed of the former Confederate soldiers. These former Confederates were willing to fight Indians on the assurance that they would not be ordered to fight their country-fellow-men in the south. In the aftermath of the Civil War, the frontier of Nebraska gained its full development. With the release of the volunteers, the regular units resumed the task of the defending the frontier and the regular soldier became Nebraska’s frontier society’s integral part. Dozens of new military posts were built; to the few outposts previously established in Nebraska were added such up-to-date installations as Fort Sidney and Camp Sargent at North Platte. Army campaigns against the Natives intensified increasingly until the power of Indians on the Plains was utterly destroyed. The third phase of Nebraska’s frontier’s history had begun. The significance of these activities is clear by the rapid social and economic growth of Nebraska as of that territory reached its statehood. There were really plenty of the reasons to worry. To be sure after the Civil War was over Nebraska did really escaped violence in scales usual for the times of trouble like that.

Howard Becker Studies in the Sociology of Deviance

Howard Becker Studies in the Sociology of Deviance Although there had been prior research into deviant labels, Howard Becker is hailed as the found of the modern labelling theory. Founded in Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, it is this labelling theory that is perhaps his most important influential contribution to sociological and criminological knowledge. Beckers influences came from Cooleys looking-glass self  [ii]  , Meads theories on the internalisation of the self  [iii]  , and Lemerts social constructionism  [iv]  . Becker suggests that deviance is based on reactions and responses of others labelling an individual as such. He states that no particular act is inherently deviant unless until a group with socially powerful statuses or positions label it as such.  [v]   This approach to labelling deviance has become manifest in criminological and sociological research, and the development of the labelling theory. Becker opens Outsiders writing: social groups create deviance by making rules whose infraction creates deviance, and by applying those roles to particular people and labelling them as outsiders. From this point of view, deviance is  not  a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an offender. The deviant is one to whom that label has been successfully applied; deviant behaviour is behaviour that people so label  [vi]  . Just as society uses the stigma of the deviant label to justify its disapproval, the individual labelled uses it to justify their actions. Becker attempts to put a complex argument in a few words: instead of the deviant motives leading to the deviant behaviour, it is the other way around, the deviant behaviour in time produces the deviant motivation.  [vii]   In Outsiders, Becker views deviance as the creation of social groups by persons in positions of power rather than the quality of some act or behaviour. Becker disagrees with other theories of deviance, which accept the existence of deviance, and by doing so, simply accept the values and of the majority within a particular social group. According to Becker, studying the act of the individual is unimportant as it is merely breaking the rules made by those in power the rule breaking behaviour is constant and it is the labelling of such behaviour that changes. He describes rules as the reflection of certain social norms held by the majority of a society, whether formal or informal  [viii]  . Clearly, in a society where criminal activity is the norm, the one who chooses not to conform, should not be labelled as deviant for not committing crimes. Nevertheless, it could be said that they are deviant as they are not acting as expected and are deviating from the norm. Beckers approach, however, focuses on enforced rules. He views those who are likely to engage in rule-breaking behaviour as essentially different from those of the rule-making or rule-abiding society. He believes that those persons who are prone to rule-breaking behaviour see themselves morally at odds with those members of the rule-abiding society  [ix]  . Becker uses the term outsider to describe a rule-breaker who accepts the label of deviant and therefore view themselves as outside mainstream society. Becker also focuses on those in positions of power that have the authority to deem what rules society should abide by and who enforce those rules. According to Becker, the creation and enforcement of these rules is an enterprising act  [x]  . He hints at disagreeing with the morals and reasoning behind those who make and enforce these rules, realising that while some may have a moral crusade to prevent crime, most engage in the process strictly because it is a requirement of their vocation. Becker wrote Rule enforcers use the process of formal enforcement to satisfy two major interests, the justification of their occupation and the winning of respect from the people he/she patrols  [xi]  . He recognises that individuals who would not normally be prone to rule-breaking may become so by the misuse of labelling powers as a result of the enforcer abusing the great deal of discretion they are armed with. Becker concludes Outsiders by calling for empirical research of his approach to the labelling theory. As a result, there has been a vast amount of response from social scientists. Some research has directly reflected Beckers approach, whilst others have used his labelling theory as a foundation on which they furthered the theory. Gideon Fishman, for example, tested his theory by studying a sample of juvenile delinquents in mid-western America. Fishmans study  [xii]  looked at negative self-perception and whether this self-perception affects future misbehaviour. His results indicated that, although some accept the label of deviance and further entrench themselves in deviant behaviour, it is by no means universal; individuals react to the label in different ways. A popular application of Beckers labelling theory is in the research into mental health. Thomas Scheff adopts Beckers views on labelling theory and explains how people are labelled mentally ill in order to explain certain rule-breaking behaviour that society cant categorise  [xiii]  . Wright  [xiv]  and Pfohl  [xv]  recognise that Scheff is not concerned with occasional acts of deviance, but the lasting and sporadic deviance that is often considered under mental illness. People who are subsequently labelled as mentally ill often adopt the behaviour they would personally expect of a stereotypical mental health patient as portrayed through the media. Scheff identifies that we will all display symptoms of mental illness at some point in our lives, and labels are attached to those without power  [xvi]  . Scheff argues individuals who become stereotypically mentally ill, or at least behave as such, are rewarded by enterprising psychology professionals  [xvii]  . Empiri cal evidence of this can be found in several studies by Scheff into the process of mental hospital commitment. In carrying out his own research into the labelling theory, Edwin Schur modifies Beckers approach in Labelling Deviant Behaviour  [xviii]  , by shifting some of the focus to the deviant individual. He claims that, if people who are labelled deviant can organize and gain power within the society, they will be able to change societal views on what is or what is not considered deviant  [xix]  .  Ã‚  Schur says that this change in power may come in the form of uprisings, social movements, and even civil strife, which could ultimately result in the formation of a strong political group.  [xx]   Howard Becker has been criticised on much of his work on many levels, and these criticisms must be explored before any evaluation of his contribution to criminological knowledge can be made. Becker himself examines some of the criticisms made of the theory in his book Labelling Theory Reconsidered  [xxi]  . Firstly, he addresses those who have said it is not a true theory. He points out that rather than being an all-encompassing theory of deviance, labelling theory was established as a way of looking at a general area of human activity  [xxii]  , and not, he claims, a theory, with all the achievements and obligations that go with the title, nor focused so exclusively on the act of labelling as some have thought  [xxiii]  . He points out that the concept of morality can be problematic in its research and interpretation. He contemplates on where the researchers sympathies should lie and considers whether one should side with the outsider or simply ascertain criminal activity as intrinsically wrong? He stresses the difficulties of the sociologist of this decision, recognising that the researcher, whether taking either side, will be accused of taking a one-sided and distorted view. So we then ask how is it possible to see the situation from both sides simultaneously  [xxiv]  ? I agree that Becker is right in raising this criticism, as it is somewhat impossible to be completely un-bias on the basis that no researcher is capable of not carrying any sort of pre-conformed opinion or view on society and will, without doubt, have moral values, right or wrongly. In Whose Side Are We On  [xxv]  , Becker goes as far as to say that the labelling theorist must side with the deviator, as it is up to the sociol ogists to remedy unfair situations  [xxvi]  . Becker also points out there is problems with secrecy. The deviant individual, in many cases, will commit deviant acts in secrecy and will not what their actions to become universally known, especially when those acts are criminal. This poses difficulty in gaining a true insight into the world of the deviant individual and therefore jeopardises the validity of the labelling theory. Beckers claim was found to be correct by Humphrey in his study Tearoom Trade  [xxvii]  . In many cases, the individuals participating in homosexual behaviour in the tearooms were married with children, and consequently, when later asked in a questionnaire about their views on homosexuality, very few admitted their own visits to the tearooms. This notion of secrecy among deviants will undoubtedly cause problems for researchers and their research. It is also very difficult for researchers to observe the day-to-day lives of deviant individuals, in what are perhaps highly dangerous places, as there are problems of infiltration and gaining the trust of what may be violent and dangerous people. If the researcher is able to gain such access, they then face the tasks of remaining impartial in their observations, to continue to observe without becoming involved in criminal activity themselves, and even trying to prevent crimes being committed. This can be seen in Parkers View from the Boys  [xxviii]  , where he studied boys in an area of Liverpool. Parker was only able to gain insight as he had previously met the boys he was studying at a centre for Liverpools deprived children. He says, however, If I had not been young, hairy, boozy, willing to keep long hours, accept permissive standards, the liaison would never have worked  [xxix]  . He also admits that his presence affected the behaviour and actions of the boys. On occasi ons he prevented them from committing crimes and even went as far as to help them if they were caught. In his research and development of the labelling theory, Becker doesnt address how factors such as biology, genetic effects and personal responsibility can influence, if at all, deviant individuals behaviour. After this met a barrage of criticism, he answered his critics in his 1973 edition of his work. He wrote that while sociological researchers are dedicated to finding an understanding about society, they are often too careful to look too closely. Becker noted I prefer to think of what we study as  collective action.  People act, as Mead and Blumer have made clearest,  together. They do what they do with an eye on what others have done, are doing now, and may do in the future. One tries to fit his own line of action into the actions of others, just as each of them likewise adjusts his own developing actions to what he sees and expects others to do  [xxx]  . Francis Cullen believed Becker was overly generous with his critics. He recognised that after 20 years, far from be ing supplanted, have been corrected and absorbed into an expanded structuring perspective  [xxxi]  . Beckers suggesting that rather than simply criticise him for not including these factors in his research, these sociologists should use those factors to help develop the labelling theory themselves. What I believe to be the greatest flaw in the labelling theory is the notion that no acts are inherently criminal  [xxxii]  , they only become criminal when society has deemed them as such. This seems to be suggesting that without the persons in power trying to satisfy two major interests: the justification of their occupation and the winning of respect from the people  [xxxiii]  by implementing laws, there would be no deviant. So does this mean that simply because it couldnt be labelled as such, it wouldnt exist? Just because something cant be specifically labelled as such does not mean that it ceases to occur. I agree with Beckers argument that people become deviant if they are expected to become so by society, but I fail be of the same mind that this is the reason behind the majority of deviant behaviour. In my opinion, the labelling of deviance comes after the deviant act occurs. The theory also claims that for a criminal to be successfully labelled, an audience must be present to provide a reaction to the crimes committed. So does this mean that if a murder is committed and the killer avoids suspicion or being caught, they are not a criminal and will not think of themselves in such a way? It is probable that the killer will have some idea of morals and what is conceived to be inherently right and wrong as a result of their own socialisation, and so could initialise self-labelling, but the theory clearly states the labelling must come from a third party. In attempting to evaluate the contribution of Becker to the study of criminology and more specifically the sociology of deviance, it is important to note that it depends on how the theory is viewed. If the theory is considered as a theory, with all the achievement and obligations that go with the title  [xxxiv]  then its flaws are many. Yet, if we consider the theory, as Becker suggests we do, as a mere way of looking at deviance, then the contribution could be said to be significant. Becker, unlike previous theorists, did not only look at the after-effects of a deviant act but considered the way one begins to fall deviant. In his study of marijuana users, for example, he considers how one begins to smoke. Whether one agrees or disagrees with Beckers approach to the labelling theory, the majority, if not all, will use that opinion to then form their own ideas and approaches to the study of deviance, as is evident from the amount of critique Becker has obtained. As a result, one c an conclude that Beckers approach to the labelling theory continues in its usefulness, and will remain to do so as long as deviant behaviour continues to exist.

Gathering at the River: Cruising on East Speedway :: Essays Papers

Gathering at the River: Cruising on East Speedway "Whither goest thou, America, in thy shiny car in the night?" -Jack Kerouac, On the Road Roll the windows down, turn the music up, and drive slowly. Now you're cruising. Cruising is the art of seeing and being seen, and in Tucson the center of this art is Speedway Boulevard. This six-lane street runs east to west through Tucson and is one of the busiest thoroughfares in the city. It hosts a mix of commercial and private buildings: small shops, offices, restaurants, grocery stores, apartment buildings and older homes, as well as the University of Arizona. Despite the apartments and occasional houses, Speedway is mostly a commercial street populated with strip malls and other businesses. Cruising is most visible along the more commercial, business-oriented East Speedway, which for the purposes of this essay is defined as the three mile stretch of road from Alvernon to Wilmot. Like most streets, Speedway was built for an entirely practical reason: to conduct automobile traffic from one place to another with a minimum of waiting. This utilitarian reason is inverted by cruising. The purpose of cruising, unlike driving, is not to arrive but to not arrive. Cruising is a social activity wherein the cars become tools for meeting other people as well as a means of getting from one place to another. The reputation of cruising, and of the nighttime Speedway, is not nearly so benign. As traffic slows and the music increases, the character of Speedway as a place - that is, a focus for human memory and experience - changes to reflect the activities and desires of the cruisers. The character of Speedway as a place is temporal and spatial; the street of Friday midnight is radically different from the street of Tuesday morning. Daytime drivers quickly change lanes in an attempt to find the one which will deliver them to their destinations the fastest. Speed and efficacy define the daytime Speedway. As the type of driver changes, so does the driver's reason for being there. The weekday commute is replaced by the weeknight cruise. The drivers also become, as a group, less diverse in terms of age and gender. The majority of cruisers appeared to be teenagers. Also, though I saw many young women, the majority of cruisers were male.

How Did My Girlfriend Run Away with My Best Friend

Last summer my girlfriend ran away with someone else. To make things worse it was my best friend with whom she ran away. Relationship seems perfect until something like this happens to you. I was in the 9th grade when I met my ex. She was in the same section with me. To me she was the cutest girl I could ever imagine. On the first sight I had a crush on her. I had the first chance to talk to her in a lab class. I was assigned as her lab partner. Slowly we came closer to each other. One day I proposed her in front of her friends. She accepted. That’s how it all started. Things were going too well. We used to date at least four times a week. We had a perfect relationship for more than two years. But things started to fall apart from the beginning of last year. And it all ended in a single month. The first thing that happened, we had a date in KFC. I reached there in time. But for the first time she was late. So I waited. But she didn’t come. I waited for a whole hour but there was no sign of her. Then I called her. But her number was busy. So I failed to contact her. After waiting for two hours I returned home. The following night I tried to call her again. But she wasn’t picking up. I signed in to face book and I found her online. So I send a message why she didn’t come. After a while I got a message saying I am the one who didn’t come. I was shocked. I thought it was a misunderstanding. So I tried explained everything. But I got no more reply from her that night. Next day I found her in the class. I saw her talking to my best friend Rifat. I went to them and shockingly she ignored me. I asked Rifat what was happening. But I didn’t get any clear answer. Then it was the Valentine’s Day. I planned to resolve everything between us. I knew where to find her on that day. So I went there in time. And in that particular time what I saw I wish I hadn’t seen. I saw Rifat proposing her and she accepted. Later I understood that the whole thing was a lie. From the very beginning she had a crush on Rifat. She just used me to get close enough to Rifat. I am never going to forgive her for using me like this I thought this first. But life will not stand still for me. I know I have to move on without her. Whatever she thought my feeling for her was real. I wish for her welfare wherever she is, whoever she’s with.

5 excuses that won’t work for calling out during the “bomb cyclone”

5 excuses that won’t work for calling out during the â€Å"bomb cyclone† So you may or may not have heard about the weather forecast for January 4th 2018. Well here’s a quick update on what to expect. There will be a bomb cyclone up ahead for the East Coast. What’s a bomb cyclone you may ask? Well according to USA Today, a bomb cyclone occurs through the process of  bombogenesis, which is basically a winter hurricane. There will be heavy snow, wind, and below freezing temperatures ahead in the forecast. Be prepared! Some areas are expected to get nearly a foot or more of snow. Even with the arctic conditions up ahead calling out of work may not be an option for some. But if you are still planning to stay home under a warm blanket with a hot cup of cocoa, these 5 excuses for calling out of work will not cut it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  My car is snowed in.via GIPHY2. I slipped and fell on my way out the door.via GIPHY3. I don’t own any snow boots/ snow gear.via GIPHY4. I tried to come in but the children on my block threw snowballs at me and now I am in the hospital.via GIPHY5. It is way too cold to be outside.via GIPHYThere you have it. These 5 excuses will not work tomorrow. Good luck, be safe, and keep warm during the bomb cyclone. The first snow storm of 2018.

Intruistic Motivation Essay Example

Intruistic Motivation Essay Example Intruistic Motivation Essay Intruistic Motivation Essay This quote describes intrinsic motivation and shows that by nature, one strives to achieve more than one already has. The B program assists a student in pushing forward in their own academic studies. Personally, the International Baccalaureate Program provides no physical reward, but pushes me to study and achieve future incentives. Intrinsic motivation however, does provide internal rewards such as aesthetic satisfaction and internal power. Intrinsic titivation presses me to move forward and attain aesthetic satisfaction, or the excitement when one has fulfilled a desire. The B program has allowed me to achieve aesthetic satisfaction as well as accomplishment after receiving a good grade on any assignment. Because the B program is more rigorous than normal courses, a sense of internal power blossoms within. The strength that the B program provides is not physical, rather, the power is mental. Finishing a work-load assigned by a professor raises the self-esteem of a student. After completing any assignment given y the instructor, a student in the International Baccalaureate Program gains a sense of aesthetic satisfaction and internal power. Being In the B program allows Intrinsic motivation to apply itself and push a student forward. Though there are no physical rewards, accomplishing any task given by the B program gives a student Internal rewards. However tough or harsh the tasks are, motivation pushes a student to complete them and attain aesthetic satisfaction, as well as Internal power. Hidden Imam One of the heirs or descendants of Muhammad All. The 12th descendant disappeared as a child, becoming known as the Hidden Imam. Reformers vs.. Conservatives Conservatives uphold the regime set up In 1979 with strict Shari law. They support right and responsibilities of the cleric and believed that politics and religious beliefs should be the same. Reformers believed that the political system needed reform and believes In some degree of International agreement. Most support Shims as the basis of Iranian society. Assists vs.. Free-marketers Assists believe that government should control the economy. Free-marketers want to remove price control, lower business taxes, and encourage private enterprises Shari Islamic law from the Koran Quean Law of the state Intrinsic Motivation By seasonal 24 l do not try to dance better than anyone else. I only try to dance better than myself. of aesthetic satisfaction and internal power. Being in the B program allows intrinsic rewards, accomplishing any task given by the B program gives a student internal complete them and attain aesthetic satisfaction, as well as internal power. Hidden Conservatives Conservatives uphold the regime set up in 1979 with strict Shari law. Needed reform and believes in some degree of international agreement. Most

The Pluralism Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Pluralism Project - Essay Example Therefore, from her article she summarizes that pluralism is like an engagement. It helps in bringing a common society from different diversity together. It is considered to be among the possible responses to the new diversity. Pluralism in our society is not welcomed fully, some look at it with extreme hostility while others feel threatened by it. Other people in our society are looking forward to the days when the differences seen in our society will fade away into the predominantly Christian culture landscape. These voices of the past are now being echoed in the current America’s religious and cultural discussions. The diversity has produced fault lines in America’s religions, and these lines of weakness indicate how American society is with huge cracks of separation. Ecks sees the pluralism alone is not the cause of Americas diversity hut it plays an active engagement role in diversity. It is more than just tolerating the religious differences in our society, what pluralism requires is knowledge for one to understand it and fully appreciate it. It is an act of individuals respecting what others believe in pertaining a given religion. It is also used to refer to different beliefs that are held by more religious views to be acceptable by the beliefs or appear equally valid. Religious pluralism is considered an expression that tries to accept any religion that is in existing or that relates to each in certain ways. It is more than just mere tolerance of other views that are being put forth by other religions (Chaves and Gorski, pg. 261). Pluralism in religion tends to admit the fact that the name put forth by the various religious views throughout the world is not regarded as the ultimate and exclusive source of truth. What this tries to portray is that some elements of truth do exist in religion as much as it exists in

Nationalization of oil industry in Argentina Essay

Nationalization of oil industry in Argentina - Essay Example On the other hand, Argentina believes that they have enough authorities and freedom to formulate policies which are necessary to safeguard the interests of the country. This paper critically analyses the decision to nationalize oil companies in Argentina. Table of Contents Oil & Gas Report Argentina.Q1 2013. (2012). Business Monitor International. November 2012. p.1-93. 11 Romero, S. and Minder, R. (2012). Argentina to seize control of Oil Company. The New York Times. April 16, 2012. 11 Sprinkle, T. (2013). For Argentina’s Nationalized Oil ‘Industry’: A Year of Nothing Retrieved from http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/the-exchange/argentina-nationalized-oil-industry-nothing-232525794.html 11 Introduction â€Å"Exactly a year ago, Argentina President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner announced to the world the expropriation of 51% of Argentine oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol† (Sprinkle, 2013). The declaration of President Cristina was totally unexpected and too k by surprise by many countries. In fact, Spain was shocked by this announcement because of the problems this decision might cause to Spanish economy. It should be noted that Spanish company Repsol is the 15th largest petroleum refining company in the world according to the recent statistics. Moreover, the growth of Repsol is contributing heavily to Spanish economy. Therefore Cristina’s decision has the potential to affect Spanish economic growth in one way or another. Spanish ministers have already warned Argentina about the possibility of a diplomatic and industrial war with Argentina. Before the arrival of Argentina’s decision, the common belief in Latin America was such that countries in this region can develop properly only with the help of privatization and liberalization like policies. That is why Cristina’ decision caused plenty of surprises, not only in Argentina, but also in other countries in Latin America. Cristina is one of the most popular administ ers in Latin America. Moreover, she has taken this decision after a cabinet meeting. In other words, Argentina has taken this decision after a comprehensive debate. They know very much about the benefits and problems this decision might bring to Argentina. In a heavily globalized world, countries are contesting heavily to attract foreign direct investment as much as possible because of the awareness that internal resources alone may not help a country to develop properly. Even communist China does not have any problem in welcoming foreign companies. Moreover, majority of Argentina’s neighboring countries are engaged in activities to welcome foreign direct investments. Under these circumstances, Argentina’s decision surprised many countries, especially Spain. Nationalization of Oil Industry in Argentina It is necessary to know the size and characteristics of Argentinian oil industry before, discussing the merits and demerits of Cristina’s decision. The following table provides a rough idea about Argentina’s petroleum data from 2010-2016. (Oil & Gas Report Argentina.Q1 2013, 2012, p.8) From the above table, it is evident that Argentina’s proven oil reserves may remain unchanged, at least for another three years. At the same time, the total net petroleum exports started to decline from 2010 onwards.