Communications at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interchanges at work - Essay Example The directors are answerable for the exhibition of the whole staff of laborers. It is basic for a chief to have astounding verbal and composed relational abilities. Partnerships that accomplish great interior and outer correspondence are bound to prevail in the business condition of the 21st century. The appearance of the broadband age changed the speed data goes far and wide. Data goes continuously through the web. The utilization of broadband web has helped enterprises keep up correspondence with representatives and different partners. The web can be utilized to transmit constant video telephone discussions. It very well may be utilized to supplant customary phone lines with the utilization of VoIP innovation. The representatives of organizations speak with client using email correspondence. ... It is significant for collaborators to keep up neighborly relationship and to speak with one another during work hours. An absence of correspondence harms the cooperative energy of a business venture. Cooperative energy is accomplished when the entire is more noteworthy than the aggregate of its parts (Schermerhorn and Hunt and Osborn). A work climate where the representatives keep up open correspondence continually is where specialist feel solace and trust. At the point when representatives can't discuss their business related issues little issues can transform into cataclysmic occasions. At the point when the lines of correspondence become bolted, the laborers may commit wrong suspicion which prompts errors in the work environment. An absence of correspondence harms the corporate culture of a venture. Organizations that are dynamic and versatile have great correspondences set up at their organizations. When there are correspondence issues set up the issue must be understood from to p to the base. The official supervisory group needs to actualize measures to improve correspondences. There are various ways that correspondence can be improved in the work environment. An answer for a correspondence issue among the laborers is to execute an intranet organize that permits the representatives to speak with one another by means of the PC. On the off chance that the organization doesn't have the assets to structure and actualize an intranet the representatives can open up a free hurray mail account that permits the clients to talk with one another. The Yahoo visit errand person can fill in as an approach to permit the representatives to reach one another. Five pieces of information that correspondence issues are happening in the work environment are: 1. Groups aren’t accomplishing objectives 2. Representatives won’t promptly coordinate 3. There are spirit issues 4. Messages are not return expeditiously 5.

Why It Is Bad to Miss Class free essay sample

Mike Meyer Professor Calderwood Argumentation/Debate May 22, 2013 Why it is Bad to Miss Class Missing class is never something to be thankful for, particularly when you are taking a class that meets once per week. Everybody has their reasons to why they need to miss class. You could be wiped out, somebody happened to hit your vehicle on you approach to class; there can be a passing in the family, or just didn’t want to go to class. What ever your explanation is you ought to consistently endeavor to make it class regardless of what since you pass up exercise, you lose the study hall experience for the afternoon, and you get set apart down on your evaluation. Above all else, the primary motivation behind why you go to class is so you can learn. You go to class to learn in light of the fact that you either are keen regarding the matter or you have to know the material so you can handle the class with a passing mark. We will compose a custom paper test on Why It Is Bad to Miss Class or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Understudies who don't appear at class get lower blemishes on their test and subsequently they get lower reviews in the class. At the point when you are not class you drive yourself to become familiar with the material without anyone else and that is a lot harder to do instead of having a specialist in the subject instruct you. Second of all, you pass up the study hall experience. On of the greatest focal points you have in going to class is having an instructor and cohorts in a room sharing the shared objective in learning. You can pose inquiries to the educator or your cohorts and you will find your solutions instead of looking into for an answer on you own. Additionally, if either the educator or your schoolmates know the solution to your inquiry then everybody in the study hall will cooperate to discover one. The homeroom experience is one major preferred position you have and not going is simply making life harder on yourself. In conclusion, in the event that you wear not go to class you will get set apart down on your evaluation. A great deal of classes grade you on investment and each time you don’t go to class you pass up focuses. You could likewise not be in class and there could be a test or even a test and you not being at class implies you get a zero on that grade. The more you miss class, the more you pass up focuses for your evaluation to show signs of improvement, and if your missing those focuses your evaluation isn't remaining the equivalent, it is deteriorating. All in all, missing class is never something to be thankful for. We al have are pardons for missing class yet give a valiant effort to be there each and every day. In the event that you do miss class simply recall that you pass up the exercise for that day, you lose the study hall experience for the afternoon, and you get set apart down on your evaluation. Going to class is consistently the correct activity and in the event that you do have a teacher that will let you do a task, for example, compose a 600 page paper on why it is terrible to miss class to recover the focuses you passed up for the class, at that point you will wanted that you went to class.

How to Get Mental Health Insurance and Use It Wisely

How to Get Mental Health Insurance and Use It Wisely Psychotherapy Print How to Find Mental Health Insurance Get the Most From It Resources for Getting Mental Health Coverage By Elizabeth Davis, RN linkedin Elizabeth Davis, RN, is a health insurance expert and patient liaison. Shes held board certifications in emergency nursing and infusion nursing. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Davis, RN Updated on January 26, 2020 Chris Madden / Moment / Getty Images More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy Mental health services can be costly, whether for a short-term crisis or a chronic condition. If you dont have mental health insurance, the out-of-pocket cost might cause you to forgo care you need, or to use fewer services to save money. If you do have mental health insurance, the burden of paying your share of the cost can add stress during an already stressful time. Along with how to identify mental health coverage  you might not be aware you have, here are some resources for finding mental health insurance if you dont have it, and tips for getting the most out of mental health insurance once you do. Employee Assistance Programs Your employer may offer some mental health benefits within an Employee Assistance Program. EAP benefits are paid for by your employer, accessing benefits are usually free, and the problem you seek help with doesnt have to be work-related. While EAPs arent designed to provide long-term treatment, a mental health professional will evaluate your needs, initiate crisis intervention and short-term treatment, and provide referrals if the EAP services arent sufficient to resolve the issue. Check your employee benefits handbook or call your benefits office to see if you have an EAP. Tips: If youve exhausted your free EAP benefits and need more assistance, ask if your employer has arranged discounted out-of-pocket rates for continuing care from the mental healthcare professional that provided your EAP services. Sticking with the same mental healthcare professional will save you the time required to build rapport with someone new. Youll also save the expense of another initial evaluation.Your free EAP benefits renew each year. If youve exhausted all of your free benefits this year, check with your EAP provider at the beginning of next year. You may find youre eligible for free benefits again. Behavioral Health Benefits Within Your Existing Group Health Insurance Even if your existing health insurance doesnt specifically list mental healthcare in the plan summary, it may still provide mental health insurance within the behavioral health section of the benefits package. Check the behavioral health section of the policy literature for more specifics about any mental health insurance benefits it may provide. Tips: If your employer offers a choice of insurance plans, check the mental health coverage of each option carefully during your open enrollment period. A more expensive plan that provides mental health coverage may ultimately save you money over a low-cost plan without mental health benefits.If your employer doesnt offer mental health insurance, see if it offers a Flexible Spending Account. An FSA allows you to put aside pre-tax money to pay for eligible out-of-pocket expenses such as psychotherapy, psychiatry visits, and prescription medications. This doesnt decrease the cost of the care itself, but youll save by not paying income tax on the FSA money you use to pay for the care. Purchasing Mental Health Insurance Mental health insurance is generally purchased within the framework of a medical health insurance policy. You can check with your states health insurance exchange for an Obamacare plan or discover the individual policies available in your area that isnt offered on the exchange. All individual health insurance policies purchased after January 1, 2014 through the exchanges mandated by the Affordable Care Act are required to provide mental health benefits. Tip: If your income is moderate, you may be eligible for help paying your monthly health insurance premiums if you choose a health plan on your Affordable Care Act health insurance exchange. Tip: If you have a standard health insurance plan that doesnt cover mental health services, consider changing to a High-Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) that does cover mental health services. If the deductible amount for the HDHP is less than your current yearly out-of-pocket expenses, you might come out ahead. Many HDHPs can be combined with a Health Savings Account, allowing you to pay the deductible with pre-tax money. Medicaid If you meet income and other eligibility criteria, you may be eligible for Medicaid. Medicaid programs are administered by each state, so benefits vary from state to state. However, some states provide at least some mental health insurance coverage within the framework of the medical health insurance. Medicare If youre 65 years old or older, you may be eligible for the Medicare. Medicare provides mental health benefits for inpatient treatment, outpatient services, and through Medicare part D for prescription drugs. If you have a Medicare Advantage plan, (Medicare part C), youll need to check your plan to determine the specifics of your mental health benefits. Tip: A sub-category of Medicare Advantage plans called Special Needs Plans may benefit you if you have significant mental healthcare needs. In addition to providing basic Medicare Advantage coverage, SNPs provide expanded benefits for specific conditions, including certain types of mental health conditions. For example, a mental health SNP might provide you with expanded mental health treatment options and better coordination of your mental health treatment with your medical treatment. Disability If you have a chronic, severe mental illness that makes it impossible to work, you may be eligible for disability benefits. Although disability benefits dont automatically include health insurance, after receiving disability benefits for two years you may become eligible for Medicare, including Medicares mental health benefits, even if youre not yet 65 years old. If disabled, you might also be eligible for Medicaid, including the mental health benefits provided by your states Medicaid plan. Applying for disability can be a long, complicated, and arduous process. You should only consider it if your mental health issue is truly debilitating. Veterans Administration If you served in the military, you might be eligible for VA health benefits, including mental health benefits. The VA has extensive mental healthcare programs for former members of the Armed Services.

Payton v. New York Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact

In Payton v. New York (1980), the Supreme Court found that warrantless entry into a private home to make a felony arrest violated the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. New York state statutes could not authorize officers to illegally enter a persons home. Fast Facts: Payton v. New York Case Argued: March 26, 1979, October 9, 1979Decision Issued: April 15, 1980Petitioner: State of New YorkRespondent: Theodore PaytonKey Questions: Did the New York police violate the 4th Amendment rights of alleged murderer Theodore Payton by conducting a warrant-less search of his home (acting under a New York law allowing them to enter a private residence to arrest someone without a warrant)?  Majority Decision: Justices Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, Blackmun, Powell, and StevensDissenting: Justices Burger, White, and RehnquistRuling: The court found for Payton, saying that the 14th amendment prohibits searches without probable cause which has been established by a neutral magistrate. Facts of the Case In 1970, detectives from the New York City police department found probable cause linking Theodore Payton to the murder of a manager at a gas station. At 7:30 a.m. the officers approached Paytons apartment in the Bronx. They knocked but received no response. They did not have a warrant to search Paytons home. After about 30 minutes of waiting for Payton to open the door, the officers called an emergency response team and used a crowbar to force open the door to the apartment. Payton was not inside. Instead, an officer found a .30 caliber shell casing which was used as evidence at Paytons trial. At his trial, Paytons attorney moved to have the evidence of the shell casing suppressed because it was gathered during an illegal search. The trial court judge ruled that the evidence could be admitted because New York State Code of Criminal Procedure allowed for warrantless and forcible entry. Evidence could be seized if it was in plain view. Payton appealed the decision and the case proceeded upwards through the courts. The U.S. Supreme Court decided to take on the case after several similar cases also appeared before the justices as a result of New York State statutes. Constitutional Issues Can police officers enter and search a home without a warrant to make a felony arrest? Can a New York state statute permit an unconstitutional search and seizure of evidence under the Fourth Amendment? The Arguments Attorneys on behalf of Payton argued that the officers violated Paytons Fourth Amendment rights when they entered and searched his home without a valid search warrant. The felony arrest warrant did not give the officers grounds to force open Paytons door and seize evidence, even though the evidence was in plain view. The officers had plenty of time to get a separate search warrant for Paytons home, the attorneys argued. The shell casing was obtained during an illegal search when Payton was not present in the home and therefore could not be used as evidence in court. Attorneys representing the state of New York argued that the officers were following the New York Code of Criminal Procedure when they entered and seized evidence in plain view in Paytons home. The state of New York relied on the case United States v. Watson for analysis. In that case, the Supreme Court upheld a common law rule that officers may conduct a warrantless arrest in a public place if they had probable cause to believe the arrestee had committed a felony. The rule in U.S. v. Watson was crafted out of English common law tradition. Under common law at the time the Fourth Amendment was written, officers could enter a home to make a felony arrest. Therefore, the attorneys argued, the Fourth Amendment should allow officers to enter Paytons home to arrest him. Majority Opinion Justice John Paul Stevens delivered the majority opinion. In a 6-3 decision, the Court focused on the language and intent of the Fourth Amendment, incorporated to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment prevents police from â€Å"making a non-consensual entry into the suspect’s home in order to make a routine felony arrest.† The officers in Payton’s case had no reason to believe Payton was home. There were no noises coming from inside the apartment. If Payton had been home, the officers might have needed to enter the apartment to properly arrest him, but there was no reason to believe someone was in the apartment. The majority opinion was careful to draw a distinction between the situation in Payton’s case and a situation where exigent circumstances might have been present. Exigent or special circumstances may provide officers with a valid reason to enter the home. Without such circumstances, officers cannot enter the home without a search warrant. In ruling this way, the Court placed the determination for probable cause in the hands of judges rather than officers and put an individual’s Fourth Amendment right above police intuition. Dissenting Opinion Justice Byron R. White, Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, and Justice William H. Rehnquist dissented on the basis that common law allowed the officers to enter Paytons home. They looked to common law tradition at the time the Fourth Amendment was ratified. English common law required that officers arresting someone for a felony knock, announce their presence, approach the house during the day, and have probable cause to believe the subject of the arrest warrant is inside the house. Based on these requirements, the dissenting Justices wrote that English officers regularly entered homes to make felony arrests. Justice White explained: Todays decision ignores the carefully crafted restrictions on the common law power of arrest entry, and thereby overestimates the dangers inherent in that practice. Impact The Payton ruling built upon past decisions including U.S. v. Chimel and U.S. v. Watson. In U.S. v. Watson (1976), the court ruled that an officer could arrest a person in a public space without a felony arrest warrant if they had probable cause. Payton prevented this rule from extending into the home. The case drew a hard line at the front door in order to uphold Fourth Amendment protections against warrantless home intrusions. Sources Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573 (1980).United States v. Watson, 423 U.S. 411 (1976).

Explore the reasons why victim participation creates...

Literature Review Explore the reasons why victim participation creates tension and conflict in the contemporary criminal justice system. Introduction The purpose of this literature review is to explore the impact of victim statements in the contemporary criminal justice system and observe how it can create tension and conflict in the courtroom between the victim, and the courts process itself. There are two pieces of literature used as the focal point of this review, they are; Tracey Booth’s journal article from the Australian New Zealand Journal of Criminology entitled ‘Cooling out’ (2012), and the third chapter from James Dignam’s published University text entitled ‘Victims and the Criminal Justice System’. The focus of†¦show more content†¦This resulted in dramatic events occurring in both the courtroom as well as outside when the media expressed the views of the family members outrage towards the court. This where Booth’s article displays its focal point, the cooling out process. A cooling out process is when the family members are fully explained the circumstances of why their VISs can not be used in conjunction with the law as well as their timely delivery of such information before they are needed to provide such VISs to ensure they are not delivered into stressful situations which result in anger and outbursts from the family during the court process. Booth then goes on to demonstrate through case studies that when these cooling out process are employed they greatly reduce the potential outbursts that create tension and conflict generated from rejected VISs and place the court into disrepute. This has resulted in reduced support for the movement to remove the process of VISs entirely. Summary of Dignam’s literature In Dignam’s piece of literature from 2004 has focused on how the representation of the victim in the criminal justice system has been revised and shifted over recent times, moving from the disenfranchisement of the victim to incorporating the victim into the criminal justice process. This is of great importance and a much needed step as Dignam demonstrates that victims need to feel comfortable and correctlyShow MoreRelatedEpekto Ng Polusyon19213 Words   |  77 PagesStudy 2 page: 47 Appendix 7: Example of transcribed Interview page: 48-55 Abstract Domestic violence is defined in many ways and is subject to many stereotypical and false presumptions that contribute to the stigmatisation of its victims. Paradoxically, there is an abundance of statistics that outline the prevalence of domestic violence in society and the far-reaching effects upon women. 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The Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace Free Essays

string(34) " who should have their own state\." Most people would think that wars are launched because a country needs more territory, or because a country’s borders are threatened, or because of appeasement. The real reason for war is that countries begin to feel that their honor is threatened; they feel that other nations are not giving them the worth and dignity they deserve, and so they take to the battlefield. On the Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace, Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on The Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kagan is a classical scholar who hopes to get politicians and statesmen to understand history so as not to repeat it. He reminds that this was the intention of Thucydides of ancient Greece who wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars for â€Å"those who wish to have a clear understanding both of events in the past and of those in the future which will, in all human likelihood, happen again in the same or a similar way. † His book starts with the Peloponnesian War of the fifth century B. C. – -the subject of a four-volume history Kagan finished in 1987–and ends with the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. He also analyzes the Second Punic War of 218 to 201 B. C. World War I, and World War II. War usually arrives over long distances and long stretches of time. For instance, in 226 B. C. Rome was by far the most powerful state in the Western world, but it concluded a treaty with Carthage which was expanding its influence in what is now Spain. The treaty sought to preserve the peace. Eight years later, after many twisting and turnings and concessions by Rome, it led to war. Rome limited the expansion of Carthage to the area south of the Ebro River, and it looked like an order delivered by Rome, not a concession. Actually, Kagan writes, â€Å"†¦ it was an attempt at appeasement in a moment of weakness and fear, the effect of which was to neither soothe nor deter but to inflame and encourage the Carthaginians. † The aftermath included events, which almost destroyed Rome’s fortunes: Hannibal’s arrival at the head of a powerful army in Italy itself and the beginning of the 18-year Second Punic War. Two wars, the First Opium War 1839-42 and the Second Opium War 1856- 60, waged by Britain against China to enforce the opening of Chinese ports to trade in opium. Opium from British India paid for Britain’ s imports from China, such as porcelain, silk, and, above all, tea. The First Opium War, between Britain and China, resulted in the cession of Hong Kong to Britain and the opening of five treaty ports. Other European states were also subsequently given concessions. The Second Opium War followed between Britain and France in alliance against China, when there was further Chinese resistance to the opium trade. China was forced to give the European states greater trading privileges, at the expense of its people. 839-42 and 1856-60, two wars between China and Western countries. The first was between Great Britain and China. Early in the 19th cent British merchants began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases of tea for export to Britain. In 1839, China enforced its prohibitions on the importation of opium by destroying at Guangzhou (Canton) a large quantity of opium confiscated from British merchants. Great Britain, which had been looking to end China’s restrictions on foreign trade, responded by sending gunboats to attack several Chinese coastal cities. China, unable to withstand modern arms, was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) and the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue (1843). These provided that the ports of Guangzhou, Jinmen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai should be open to British trade and residence; in addition Hong Kong was ceded to the British. Within a few years other Western powers signed similar treaties with China and received commercial and residential privileges, and the Western domination of China’s treaty ports began. In 1856 a second war broke out following an allegedly illegal Chinese search of a British-registered ship, the Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium. China’s subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain’s determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer palace (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is a dangerous and volatile situation that has attracted American attention for some decades. The conflict is a sensitive subject that produces strong emotions in people. This conflict deals with Jewish nationalism, distribution of resources, and politics. About a hundred years ago, Jews underwent a drastic change in their view of themselves. At first a few, and then more, began to call themselves Zionists. Zionism is a term that in its broadest and early sense meant simply the â€Å"return† of Jews to their ancestral homeland. That homeland was called Zion (or Israel) and its heart was Jerusalem, known as the â€Å"City of Zion. Early Zionists were simply pious, nonpolitical, religious Jews who thought they could best practice their faith in the Land of Zion. Some went primarily to pray, to study their religious books, and to await the arrival of the Messiah. Politics played an influential role in their thinking. By the beginning of the 20th century, however, Zionism came to have a political meaning: that Jews were not just a religious or ethnic group but were a nation of people who should have their own state. You read "The Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace" in category "Essay examples" Today Zionism is the term for Jewish nationalism. Not all Jews agree upon what Zionism is, but to a point there is agreement, it is upon three things: there should be a Jewish state; it should be permanent, independent, and secure; and Jews who are threatened anywhere in the world should be able to go there to be safe. All other issues-the boundaries of the state, the nature of government, relations with the Palestinians, relations with American Jews, religious law-are in dispute. It is important to understand the Palestinian views . Keep in mind two points. First, people respond to the circumstances in which they live. If one is rich, one sees problems one way; if one is unemployed, one sees it a second way; if one owns a small shop, one sees it a third way. One must understand the circumstances in which Palestinians live if we are to understand their positions and actions. Second, there are about five million Palestinians. Like Americans, they disagree on political issues. They also change their minds as new circumstances develop. It is wrong to think Palestinians have a common view that remains unchanged. Their view changed considerably over the years. They view that the Israelis are taking the land rightfully theirs, and are being â€Å"bullied† by Israelis. They are the ones who had their land taken away from them and are left with no where to live. In 1948, there were approximately 860,000 Palestinians inside today’s Israel. About 700,000 were driven out or fled during the fighting that followed the declaration of Israeli statehood. The Palestinian population of Jerusalem went from 75,000 to 3,500; of Jaffa from 70,000 to 3,600; of Haifa from 71,000 to 2,900; of Lydda-Ramle from 35,000 to 2,000; of Tiberias from 5,300 to zero. All refugees lost their property (about 800,000 acres were taken for Israeli use. ). The 160,000 Palestinians still in Israel in 1949 when the fighting stopped lost another 250,000 acres. The Palestinians in Israel were left without resources or strong leaders. When the Likud Party took power in 1977, it intensified colonization, pouring some $1 billion into settlement building over the next seven years. Today, land taken from the Palestinians and earmarked for military purposes or Jewish settlements amounts to more than 52% of the most fertile areas of the West Bank and 40% of the Gaza Strip. Only a very small percentage of this land was sold willingly by Palestinians. Most of it was confiscated, and is held to be for Jews only-not-just Jews from Israel, but Jews from anywhere in the world. Many newly arrived immigrants from the United States and Russia are given heavily financed housing in the settlements built on seized Palestinian land. 1990, according to Israeli estimates, will divert 83% of the water from the West Bank to Jewish settlements and Israel. The indigenous Palestinians will get only 17% of their own water. This taking of natural resources from the Palestinians, are the reasons for the rise in conflict. To a large extent Jews and Palestinians are geographically concentrated. Most Jews live in Israel and most Palestinians live in the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem. There are exceptions of course. Many Jews live in the new ring of suburbs around East Jerusalem and in the new settlements in the West Bank and Gaza. And many Arabs live inside of Israel, particularly in Galilee, including Nazareth, and in the Negev Desert in the South. The first comprehensive peace talks between Israel and delegations representing the Palestinians and neighboring Arab states began in October 1991. After Likud lost the parliamentary election of June 1992, Labor party leader Yitzhak Rabin formed a new government. Rabin took a more conciliatory line toward the Palestinians and imposed strict limits on new Jewish settlements in the occupied territories. In 1993, after decades of violent conflict between Palestinians and Israelis, leaders from each side agreed to the signing of an historic peace treaty. Palestine Liberation Organization leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin met in the United States on September 13 to witness the signing of the treaty, which paved the way for limited Palestinian self-rule in Israeli-occupied territories. The Gaza-Jericho Agreement was signed in Cairo on May 4, 1994, and applies to the Gaza Strip and to a defined area of about 65 square kilometers including Jericho and its environs. The Gaza-Jericho agreement addresses four main issues-security arrangements, civil affairs, legal matters, and economic relations. The document includes agreement to a withdrawal of Israeli military forces from Gaza and Jericho, a transfer of authority from the Israeli Civil Administration to a Palestinian Authority, the structure and composition of the Palestinian Authority is a Palestinian police force, and relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. After intensive diplomatic efforts by the United States, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel and Yasser Arafat agreed on September 29, 1996 to go to Washington the following week to seek ways out of a war that has put the entire Israeli-Palestinian peace in jeopardy. Despite the historical tensions of the Middle East, recent issues have arisen to intensify the conflict. Angry Palestinians protested Israel’s decision to open an archeological site, the issue becoming one more in a growing number of Middle East tensions. The Muslim crowd feared the excavation of an ancient tunnel, right beside the foundations of Jerusalem’s al Aqsa Mosque compound, would undermine what is the third-holiest shrine in Islam after Mecca and Medina. The tunnel excavation dispute is only the latest indication of rising tension between Arabs and Israelis. And the latest death count is 76 (as of October 1, 1996). In conclusion, this is an issue that deals with politics, uneven distribution of resources, and nationalism, and will take a great effort to come to an agreement. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a â€Å"battle† that has a long history that will continue till a mutual understanding and agreement is settled. Until the Israelis and the Palestinians can settle their differences and cooperate with each other, the â€Å"battle† will continue on. â€Å"No new taxes. This is a quote that most all of us remember from the1992 presidential election. Along with it we remember that there were new taxes during that presidents term in office. There are a myriad of promises made and things done in a presidential election year that have questionable motives as to whether they are done in the best interest of the people or in the interests of the presidential candidate. These hidden interests are one of the biggest problems w ith the political aspects of government in modern society. One of the prime examples of this is the Vietnam War. Although South Vietnam asked for our help, which we had previously promised, the entire conflict was managed in order to meet personal political agendas and to remain politically correct in the world’s eyes rather than to bring a quick and decisive end to the conflict. This can be seen in the selective bombing of Hanoi throughout the course of the Vietnam War. Politically this strategy looked very good. However, militarily it was ludicrous. War is the one arena in which politicians have no place. War is the military’s sole purpose. Therefore, the U. S. Military should be allowed to conduct any war, conflict, or police action that it has been committed to without political interference or control because of the problems and hidden interests which are always present when dealing with polite United States involvement in the Vietnam War actually began in 1950 when the U. S. began to subsidize the French Army in South Vietnam. This involvement continued to escalate throughout the 1950’s and into the early 1960’s. On August 4, 1964 the Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in which American Naval Vessels in South Vietnamese waters were fired upon by North Vietnam. On August 5, 1964 President Johnson requested a resolution expressing the determination of the United Sates in supporting freedom and in protecting peace in southeast Asia (Johnson). On August 7, 1964, in response to the presidential request, Congress authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel any attack and to prevent aggression against the U. S. n southeast Asia (United States). The selective bombing of North Vietnam began immediately in response to this resolution. In March of the following year U. S. troops began to arrive. Although the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution specifically stated that we had no military, political, or territorial ambitions in southeast Asia, the interests back home were quite a different story (Johnson). The political involvement in Vietnam was about much more than just promised aid to a weak country in order to prevent the spread of communism. It was about money. After all, wars require equipment, guns, tools and machinery. Most of which was produced in the United States. It was about proving America’s commitment to stop communism. Or rather to confine communism in its present boundaries But most of all it was about politics. The presidential political involvement in Vietnam had little to do with Vietnam at all. It was about China for Eisenhower, about Russia for Kennedy, about Washington D. C. for Johnson, and about himself for Nixon (Post). The last two of which were the major players in America’s involvement in regards to U. S. Troops being used (Wittman). The military involvement in Vietnam is directly related to the political management of the military throughout the war. The military controlled by the politicians. The micro management of the military by the White House for political gain is the primary reason for both the length and cost, both monetary and human, of the Vietnam War (Pelland). One of the largest problems was the lack of a clear objective in the war and the support to accomplish it. The predominant military opinion of the military’s role in Vietnam in respect to the political involvement is seen in the following quote by General Colin Powell, â€Å"If you’re going to put into something then you owe the armed forces, you owe the American People, you owe just you’re own desire to succeed, a clear statement of what political objective you’re trying to achieve and then you put the sufficient force to that objective so that you know when you’ve accomplished it. The politicians dictated the war in Vietnam, it was a limited war, the military was never allowed to fight the war in the manner that they thought that they needed to, in order to win it (Baker). To conclude on the Vietnam War, the political management of the war made it unwinnable. The military was at the mercy of politicians who knew very little about what needed to be done militarily in order to win the war. There is an enormous difference between political judgment and military judgment. This difference is the primary reason for the outcome of the Vietnam War (Schwarzkopf). The United States policy of Vietnamization was a good idea, but the time was not ripe for it to best be used. Nearly all experts in South Vietnam as incapable of handling a combined threat rated Saigon’s military strength. True, Vietnamization was not what led to the total withdrawl of troops from Vietnam, but the opinions pressed by Laird had somewhat of an affect on our agreeing to sign a cease-fire agreement. Also, if we had used Vietnamization’s program of building up South Vietnam’s armed forces more extensively, South Vietnam might still be in existence today. The Gulf War in the Middle East was almost the exact opposite in respect to the political influence on the war. In respect to the military objective of the war the two are relatively similar. The objective was to liberate a weaker country from their aggressor. The United Nation’s resolution was explicit in its wording regarding military force in the Persian Gulf. The resolution specifically stated â€Å"by all means necessary. â€Å"(Schwarzkopf). The President was very aware of the problems with political management of warfare throughout the war. He was very determined to let the military call the shots about how the war was conducted. He made a specific effort to prevent the suggestion that civilians were going to try to run the war (Baker). Painful lessons had been learned in the Vietnam War, which was still fresh on the minds of many of those involved in this war (Baker). The military was given full control to use force as they saw fit. Many of the top military leaders had also been involved in the Vietnam War. These men exhibited a very strong never again attitude throughout the planning stages of this war. General Schwarzkopf made the following statement about the proposed bombing of Iraq in regards to the limited bombing in Vietnam, â€Å"I had no doubt we would bomb Iraq if I was going to be the Military Commander. † He went on to say that it would be absolutely stupid to go into a military campaign against his, Iraq’s, forces who had a tremendous advantage on us on the ground, numbers wise. It would be ludicrous not to fight the war in the air as much, if not more, than on the ground (Schwarzkopf). The result of the Gulf War in which the military was given control, as we know, was a quick, decisive victory. There were many other factors involved in this than just the military being given control, particularly in contrast to Vietnam, but the military having control played a major part in this victory. In conclusion, although there are some major differences between the two conflicts one fact can be seen very clearly. That is the fact that the military is best suited for conducting wars. Politicians are not. It is not the place of a politicians to be involved in the decision making process in regards to war or military strategy. The White House has significant control in military matters. That control should be used to help the military in achieving its goals, as it was in the Gulf War where George Bush said specifically to let the military do its job. The only alternative to this is to use political influence in the same way that it was used in Vietnam. If we do not learn from these lessons that are so obvious in the differences between these two conflicts then we are condemned to repeat the same mistakes. Lets just pray that it does not take the death of another 58,000 of America’s men to learn that the politician’s place is not in war but in peace (Roush). How to cite The Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace, Essay examples

Internal Legal Memorandum free essay sample

Running Head: INTERNAL LEGAL MEMORANDUM Internal Legal Memorandum PA299: Associates Capstone in Paralegal Studies Kynyatta Weaver Professor: Monica Ross Kaplan University Saturday, August 06, 2011 CONFIDENTIAL Legal Memorandum TO: Attorney Monica Ross FROM: Paralegal Kynyatta Weaver DATE: August 6, 2011 SUBJECT: Personal Injury FACTS On April 30, 2008 around 9:30 a. m. an incident involving Shayla Smith occurred at the OD Family Campground. The question is to whether the campground was negligent when securing the pool area where the incident occurred. Our client is Mary Smith the mother of Shayla Smith. Shayla Smith went to the O D Family Campground owned by Owen and Dolly Jones, with her friend Tamara and her parents Bob and Susan Tuttle. On the day of the incident the girls snuck out of the family living area and went to the pool area in the campground. When the girls go to the pool there was a lock on the pool but the lock had been broken, it was just there as a deterrence. We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Legal Memorandum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The girls opened the gate and proceeded to enter the pool, Tamara went in first yelling that the pool was shallow, but Shayla did not hear her and proceeded to follow her in, and when she dove in and she broke her arm. Tamara saved Shayla by pulling her to the side of the pool and yelling for help. Shayla was taken by ambulance to the hospital and was treated putting a cast on followed by physical therapy. The Tuttles’ called Mary Smith on the way to the hospital as they followed the ambulance. This is Shayla’s first injury. Shayla has been diagnosed with ‘dyslexia’ (a learning disorder involving reading). ISSUES 1. Were the owners of OD Family Campground, Owen and Dolly Jones guilty of negligence by not proving a new lock for the pool gate? 2. Were owners Owen and Dolly Jones negligent by only having signs on display when the pool area was open instead of having them on display at all times? SHORT ANSWER 1. Yes, the owners of the OD Family Campground were negligent by not providing an appropriate lock for the gate on their property. . Yes, Owen and Dolly Jones the owners of the OD Family Campground were negligent by not having signs on display stating rules and regulations of the establishment. DISSCUSSION/ANALYSIS Comparative Negligence In this case the owners of the OD Family Campground knowing the lock was broken and not replacing it knowingly and willfully ignore a problem which lead to the broken arm of Shayla Smith at their establishment. Under the modified comparative negligence of 1986 (735 ILCS 5/2 -1116), the plaintiff’s recovery is reduced by the plaintiff’s comparative negligence unless the plaintiff is more than 50% at fault for causing their own injuries. If the plaintiff is more than 50% liable a judgment is then entered on behalf of the defendant. Swimming Pool and Bathing Beach Act (210 ILCS 125/et seq) The Department of Public Health issues the construction permits, inspections, and license on an annual basis for all swimming pools except at private residences that are used for the owner of the residence and their guest. This department is responsible for providing safe swimming environments. All pools are required to have a protective barriers (wall, fence, or barrier) the can enclose the entire swimming pool deck area. The barrier is supposed to prevent easy access to the pool area. RECOMMENDATIONS/ CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the OD Family Campground were in fact negligent with the pool are and they were not in code with the requirements of the department of health when making the pool. The law of negligence applies hat is a person is injured on property that is dangerous because it is poorly maintained; the owner of the property is liable for being careless in maintaining the property. The Owners were negligent in not having a properly locked gate, a high enough fenced in barrier, or properly displayed warning signs. The owners of the OD Family Campground also violated the rules and guidelines of the Iowa Department of Public Health, therefore they should be held accountable for their action.